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Harun too was a weak ruler, and although a revolt by his uncle Rabi'ah in Alexandria was suppressed, the Tulunids had been unable to confront the attacks of the Qarmatians who started at the same time. Saladin's son Othman succeeded him in Egypt in 1193. He allied along with his uncle (Saladin's brother) Al-Adil I towards Saladin's different sons, and after the wars that followed, Al-Adil took power in 1200. He died in 1218 during the siege of Damietta within the Fifth Campaign, and was succeeded by Al-Kamil, who misplaced Damietta to the Crusaders in 1219. However, he defeated their advance to Cairo by flooding the Nile, they usually have been pressured to evacuate Egypt in 1221. Al-Kamil was later pressured to hand over various cities in Palestina and Syria to Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor through the Sixth Campaign, so as to achieve his help in opposition to Damascus. In the meantime, Baghdad was taken by the Turks, falling to the Seljuk Tughrul Beg in 1059. The Turks additionally plundered Cairo in 1068, but they have been driven out by 1074. Throughout this time, however, Syria was overrun by an invader in league with the Seljuk Malik Shah, and Damascus was permanently lost to the Fatimids.

Nonetheless, the Carmathians of Damascus under Hasan al-Asam superior by Palestine to Egypt, and in the autumn of 971 Jauhar discovered himself besieged in his new city. Al-Muizz additionally found time to take some active measures against the Byzantines, with whom his generals fought in Syria with various fortune. As this was in origin similar with that professed by the Carmathians, he hoped to realize the submission of their chief by argument; but this plan was unsuccessful, and there was a recent invasion from that quarter within the 12 months after his arrival, and the caliph found himself besieged in his capital. The Parliament of Georgia is headquartered in Tbilisi, the capital of Georgia. A palace for the Caliph and a mosque for the military have been immediately constructed, which for many centuries remained the centre of Muslim learning. Far from halting the decline, this occasion alienated key commanders in Syria and led to the fast and relatively unopposed reconquest of Syria and Egypt by the Abbasids beneath Muhammad ibn Sulayman al-Katib, who entered Fustat in January 905. With the exception of the great Mosque of Ibn Tulun, the victorious Abbasid troops pillaged al-Qata'i and razed it to the bottom.

In 1153 Ascalon was lost, the final place in Syria which the Fatimids held; its loss was attributed to dissensions between the parties of which the garrison consisted. Lots of the Palestinian possessions of the Fatimids then successively fell into the hands of the Crusaders. Encouraged by his demise, in 969 the Fatimids invaded and conquered Egypt, starting a brand new period within the country's history. In 1118 Egypt was invaded by Baldwin I of Jerusalem, who burned the gates and the mosques of Farama, and advanced to Tinnis, when illness compelled him to retreat. In 1168 Amalric invaded once more, but Shirkuh's return triggered the Crusaders to withdraw. Jerusalem from the Ortokids, thereby facilitating its conquesst by the Crusaders in 1099. He endeavoured to retrieve his error by himself advancing into Palestine, however he was defeated at the battle of Ascalon , and compelled to retire to Egypt. On the battle of Babain (April 11, 1167) the allies were defeated by the forces commanded by Shirkuh and his nephew Saladin, who was made prefect of Alexandria, which surrendered to Shirkuh with no wrestle. Saladin, a basic often called "the Lion", was confirmed as Nureddin's deputy in Egypt, and on the dying of Nureddin on April 12, 1174, he took the title sultan.

Two years later Shirkuh, a Kurdish basic referred to as "the Lion", persuaded Nureddin to put him at the pinnacle of one other expedition to Egypt, which left Syria in January 1167; a Frankish army hastened to Shawar's support. It was in 1183 that Saladin's rule over Egypt and North Syria was consolidated. The Carmathians had been progressively forced to retreat from Egypt after which from Syria by some profitable engagements, and by the judicious use of bribes, whereby dissension was sown among their leaders. Considered one of the numerous Black African slaves recruited by al-Ikhshid, Kafur remained the paramount minister and digital ruler of Egypt over the next 22 years, assuming energy in his own right in 966 until his death two years later. His North African possessions had been maintained and prolonged, however the recognition of the Fatimid caliph on this area was little more than nominal. Goryeo maintained nominal tributary relations with Chinese language dynasties. Al-Aziz attempted with out success to enter into pleasant relations with the Buwayhid ruler of Baghdad, and tried to realize possession of Aleppo, as the important thing to Iraq, jual aged domain but this was prevented by the intervention of the Byzantines.