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A proxy is also referred to as a proxy server software that acts to act as an intermediary between a client and server on the internet. Without a middleman the client would a request the resource directly to a server, and the server will serve the resource directly back to the user. While this process is simple to understand and apply, adding proxies provides advantages including increased performance and privacy, and many other. Alongside offering a security layer they also act as a security guardian of the internet between users and servers.




The packaged server hardware that includes proxy software is often referred as proxy servers. This article will focus on proxy servers that are traditionally referred to as software, and also within the context of web servers. This article will give a synopsis of the two main types: one is one that is a forward proxy and the other being a reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each type has a different use, which could be confusing due to the identical namesake convention.




This article will provide you with the understanding of what proxy services and their subtypes are, as well as the ways they can be useful for the most common setups. In this article, you'll be aware of the situations that you can gain from a proxy and choose the right solution between forward and reverse proxy in any situation.



Understanding Forward Proxies



Forward proxy, also known in the context of being an open proxy serves as the representative of a customer who would like to transmit requests through the internet to a server that created it. In this scenario it is the situation that all requests received from the client are instead sent directly into forward proxy. This forward proxy acting in the place on behalf of client look at the request. It will first will decide whether the client is allowed to send requests through this particular forward proxy. Then, it will either refuse requests or redirect it to the origin server. The client isn't capable of having directly access to internet; it can only be able to access the information that the forward proxy allows it to connect to.




One popular reason to use forward proxy is the desire for more privacy or security online. Forward proxy can access the internet as a client. In this manner, it utilizes another IP address in comparison to your client's IP address.




Depending on how it's been set up depending on the configuration, forward proxy may provide a variety of functions as well as the ability to:




Beware of Ad-trackers.


Circumvent surveillance.


You can identify restrictions based upon your geolocation.




Forward proxies are also employed in systems that provide central security and access that is dependent on permissions, such as, in a workplace. In the event that all internet traffic goes by an open forward proxy a administrator may restrict access to only certain clients to the internet through an common firewall. Instead of establishing firewalls for the client layer, which can contain multiple devices with different configurations and users, a firewall can be installed on the forward proxy layer.




Remember that forward proxies need to be manually set up to work the reverse proxy, while forward proxies may go unnoticed by the client. Depending on the kind of IP address the client that is transferred to the origin server through the forward proxy privacy and anonymity might be granted or kept in the dark.




There are a myriad of options to consider forward proxy options:




Apache The Apache is a popular open-source web server that offers forward proxy capabilities.


Nginx is another well-known open-source webserver with forward proxy capability.


Squid: An open-source forward proxy using an HTTP protocol. Squid doesn't come with a complete website server program. We have instructions for setting up Squid proxy to allow private connections on Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward Proxy that uses the SOCKS protocol instead HTTP, making it more suitable for use cases like peer-topeer communication. You can also learn how to configure Dante proxy to support private connections in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy serves acting as an intermediary for the server on the internet and manages the incoming requests of clients in its place. The web server can serve as a single server, or a number of servers. Additionally, it can serve as an application server such as Gunicorn. In any of these scenarios, a request would come from a user on the internet in general. In most cases, the request would be sent directly to the web server that holds all the resources the client seeking. However, a reverse proxy acts as an intermediary that shields the webserver from direct interactions with the open internet.




From a user an individual's viewpoint, the process of using reverse proxy is not any different than working with the Web server itself. It's essentially the same thing, however the client cannot tell the difference. The client makes a request for resources, which is then received without any additional configuration required from the client.




Reverse proxy proxies can provide options, such as:




Security centralized for web servers.


Controlling traffic inbound based on rules that can be create.


The caching functionality has been added to the app.




While central security is a benefit of both forward and reverse proxy services, reverse proxies give this benefit to Web layer servers and not to the client layer. Instead of maintaining firewalls on Web server layers that could include multiple servers with different configurations, the bulk of firewall security is concentrated on the reverse proxy layer. Additionally, the absence of interfacing with firewalls and interfacing with requests from clients off of web servers lets them concentrate on delivering resources.




In the case of multiple servers operating through a reverse proxy, it also manages the way requests are routed to which server. A number of web servers could be providing the exact identical service, but each one serving various kinds of resources or some combination of both. These servers may use an HTTP protocol to perform the role of an ordinary web server however, they may also use protocols for application servers like FastCGI. You can create reverse proxy services to redirect customers to a specific server according to the resource requested, or to observe specific rules regarding traffic load.




Reverse proxies can also benefit from their position before web servers by virtue of caching. The large static files can be set up by caching rules so that they avoid having to contact web servers every time they need to make a request. There are solutions that provide the possibility of serving directly static assets without having to connect to the web server in any way. In addition, the reverse proxy could handle the compression of the assets.




The popular Nginx web server can be described as a reliable reverse proxy service. You can also use it, the Apache web server also comes with a reverse proxy as an additional feature of Apache in contrast to Nginx was initially designed for and is focused on the reverse proxy feature.



The distinction between Forward and Reverse Proxy Use. Differentiating Forward and Reverse Proxy Utilization



Because "forward" and "reverse" have connotations that refer to directionality, and false comparisons to "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic the labels could be confusing since both types of proxies can handle requests as well as responses. Instead, a better way to differentiate between forward and reverse proxy is to take into account the requirements of the application you're creating.




A reverse proxy is useful when you are developing a solution to serve web-based applications via the internet. They are your web servers for all interactions with the internet.




Forward proxy software is beneficial when they are used to block clients for personal use, or in the workplace. They can be used to represent the client's web traffic in any internet-based interaction.




Utilizing case-based differentiation instead of focusing on the similar naming conventions will help you avoid confusion.



Conclusion



This article clarified the definition of a proxy with the two primary types of them being the forward and the reverse proxy. Practical applications and a glance at beneficial characteristics were used in defining forward proxy and reverse proxies. If you're interested in knowing more about how proxies are implemented check out our guide on how to configure Nginx as an internet server and reverse proxy for Apache on one Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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