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At Miletus a rounded form similar to an upside-down U occurs. The Latin form, taken from the Chalcidic or Etruscan, was O. The minuscule form retains the shape of the majuscule letter. O, the fourth vowel of the modern alphabet, corresponding to the Semitic ʿayin, which represented a breathing and not a vowel. The Semitic form may have derived from an earlier sign representing an eye.

Ancestors and siblings in other alphabets

In Middle English this was a rounded back vowel akin to the modern vowel in shore or north. Old English closed long o became in Middle English oo (long u). The Greeks at first used the letter to represent not only the short closed vowel o but also the long open o and certain other long vowels of the o tone resulting from contraction or compensatory lengthening. The use of Ω, or omega, in origin apparently a variant form of O with the value of a long vowel, gradually spread with the spread of the Ionic alphabet throughout the Greek-speaking world. The Greeks in adapting the Semitic alphabet to their own use used this letter (omicron) to express the vowel o, as the letters ʾaleph, buy xanax without prescrition he, cheth, and yod were used to express vowels.

The form of the letter on the Moabite Stone was small o, and this small form appears in early Greek inscriptions from Thera and Corinth. In Corinth and in the inscriptions from Abu Simbel in Egypt there is a form with an offset dot. A form with a dot in the centre occurs in Thera, and this is paralleled in the large Etruscan form.

The long o has become a diphthong (ou), as in the words bone and rose. Before the consonant r, the sound is rounded and pronounced very far back in the mouth—e.g., glory and north. In the word do the single letter is used where a more usual orthography would require its doubling, and in the word son one would expect the vowel u. In words such as word, work, and world, the sound has been affected by the preceding bilabial. The short sound is the descendant of Middle English short o in which both the closed and open short o, which were distinguished in Old English, met. The long o, now a diphthong, descended from Middle English long o, an open sound, which was derived from Old English long a.